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101.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Origanum onites L. essential oil as feed additives on the growth performance, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of rainbow trout. Fish (26.05 ± 0.15 g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with four different concentrations (0.125, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.0 mL kg?1) of O. onites essential oil for 90 days. Fish fed diets containing essential oil of O. onites had significantly higher final weight than the control group. Feed conversion ratio in fish fed diets containing 1.5 and 3.0 mL kg?1 essential oil of O. onites was improved than other treatments (P < 0.05). The lowest feed conversion efficiency ratio was recorded in the 0.125 mL kg?1 group of O. onites. Antioxidant status of fish was assayed for levels of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma catalase (CAT) activity. Lysozyme activity in plasma was significantly higher in fish fed diet containing 3.0 mL kg?1 essential oil of O. onites (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish were challenged with Lactococcus garvieae and cumulative mortality was recorded over 15 days. Dietary administration of 0.125, 1.5 and 2.5 mL kg?1 O. onites significantly reduced fish mortality (P < 0.05). The 3.0 mL kg?1 diet showed no mortality after challenged with L. garvieae. These results suggested that the essential oil of O. onites could be applied as growth promoter and also improved disease resistance when added to rainbow trout feed. 相似文献
102.
观赏植物种类繁多,在这些植物的育种、销售及栽培过程中,与植物病害相关的各种病原物也被广泛传播。因此,培育抗病品种一直是园艺育种工作者的重要目标性状之一。在粮食作物中,抗病育种方面已经投入了很大的人力物力,新的生物技术不断被用于作物新品种的培育。但对于观赏植物而言,这些新技术应用范围还极为有限。本综述对园艺植物抗病育种现状进行了总结,并对育种前景进行了预测。 相似文献
103.
Naresh K. Bainsla Rahul M. Phuke Xinyao He Vikas Gupta Santosh K. Bishnoi Rajiv K. Sharma Najibeh Ataei Susanne Dreisigacker Philomin Juliana Pawan K. Singh 《Plant pathology》2020,69(6):1161-1171
Spot blotch (SB), caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a devastating disease of wheat globally, especially in South Asia and South America. Understanding the genetics of resistance to SB is important for developing breeding strategies to improve resistance. A panel of 301 genotypes from Afghanistan was phenotyped over two crop seasons using a mixture of virulent B. sorokiniana isolates and genotyped using DArTSeq to obtain genome-wide markers. Fifty genotypes (16.6%) showed disease scores less than the resistant control. Principal component analysis using the genotypic data clustered the genotypes into five different groups. Among models used for genome-wide association mapping, the multilocus mixed model, and fixed and random model circulating probability unification algorithms were most effective in identifying significant marker-trait associations (MTA). Twenty-five MTAs at p ≤ .001 were identified on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 1D, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 7A, and 7D, indicating the quantitative nature of resistance to SB. Phenotypic variation explained by these markers ranged from 2.0% to 17.7%, and genomic regions on the chromosomes 1D, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, and 5B coincided with loci identified in previous studies. Three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers on chromosomes 1B (SNP 1113207) and 5A (SNPs 5411867 and 998276) were significant in both crop seasons as well as in the combined analysis across seasons. Marker 5411867 is close to Vrn-A1, shown to be associated with SB in previous studies. Furthermore, among known SB resistance genes, Sb2 on chromosome 5B was predicted to be significant in this panel. 相似文献
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Stem lodging is a common problem in cereal crop production and a main constraint for grain yield improvement. The leaf sheath that surrounds and protects the hollow internodes of stem could provide the plants with a great physical support. However, this biomechanical function has been ignored for several decades in cereal crops. This study aimed to examine the biomechanical properties of basal stem internodes and lodging susceptibility of the whole plants with or without the clasping leaf sheath in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) among different genotypes and agronomic practices (including planting densities and nitrogen application rates). The main objective was to quantify the mechanical role of the leaf sheath in oat and wheat crops by a “safety factor” method. On average, the leaf sheath contributed 40%, 68% and 38% of the overall stem bending strength, flexural rigidity and safety factor, in oat, while it accounted for 11%, 24% and 10%, respectively, in wheat plants. The significant contribution of the leaf sheath is due to its vital role in enlarging the peripheral position (i.e., second moment of area) and stiffness (i.e., Young's modulus). The contribution ratios (%) were found to be higher in oat than in wheat plants, due to the greater mass density of leaf sheath and more proficient/prevailing stay-green capability in oat genotypes. This study emphasizes the important mechanical role of clasping leaf sheath on stem internodes of cereals and indicates that the stay-green trait of the leaf sheath can be exploited to design appropriate varieties with improved lodging resistance and great yield potential. 相似文献
107.
为了优化油用亚麻抗倒伏的肥料运筹措施,以‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’为试验材料,通过裂区设计,研究了钾肥(不施钾、52.5 kg K2O/hm2和105 kg K2O /hm2 3个水平)和硅肥(不施硅和90 kg SiO2/hm2 2个水平)用量对油用亚麻茎秆形态学、力学抗倒伏特性及产量的影响。结果表明:‘陇亚11号’的株高、重心高度及茎粗、壁厚、抗折力均显著大于‘定亚23号’,茎秆形态学及力学抗倒伏特性的综合影响下,‘陇亚11号’较‘定亚23号’倒伏率提高21.24%而产量降低9.43%。钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,施钾后茎粗、壁厚、茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数提高而株高和重心高度降低,千粒重和籽粒产量分别提高7.35%和9.34%。硅肥对茎秆形态学、力学特性及籽粒产量均无主效应,但硅肥与钾肥的互作使茎粗显著增加。抗倒伏指数与茎粗、壁厚呈显著正相关,与株高、重心高度呈显著负相关。品种间的茎秆抗倒伏特性差异较大,施用钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,优化了茎秆机械性能,增强了油用亚麻的抗倒伏能力;供钾量较低时,硅肥与钾肥对茎粗的互作正效应明显。 相似文献
108.
基于振动的土壤挖掘阻力与耗能特性试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了研究振动频率、振动方向等参数对振动式土壤挖掘降阻特性和耗能特性的影响,设计开发了振动式土壤挖掘阻力试验台。经理论分析、计算确定了振动挖掘机构运动参数。在土壤平均相对湿度为27%、平均土壤坚实度为2.2MPa条件的室内土槽系统中,在挖掘深度150mm、前进速度0.15~1.00m/s、振动频率2~20Hz的因素条件下,利用该试验台开展了土壤振动挖掘阻力和耗能特性试验研究。结果表明,振动式土壤挖掘能够有效降低工作阻力,其降阻率先随着振动频率增大而增大,在2~20Hz频率段,前后方向振动和垂向振动振幅分别为13mm和10mm时,其最大降阻率分别可达到21%和25%。降阻率在10~14Hz后增长速度变缓,表明该区间处于土壤的自振频率区间。前后方向振动下土壤挖掘降阻率和振动速度与前进速度的比值有关,当振动速度小于前进速度时,降阻率比较小,随着振动频率增加而缓慢增大;当振动速度大于前进速度后,在对应的频率点其降阻率会迅速上升,之后增长速度逐渐变缓。由于需要额外激振能量输入,两种振动方向的强迫振动式土壤挖掘综合耗能并不减少,在振动频率低于10Hz下,耗能比范围在1~1.07,但超过10Hz后,耗能比会随着振动频率增大以较快速度增加。振幅的增大能够使土壤挖掘阻力获得一定的降低,但同时振动挖掘耗能有较大的增加。 相似文献
109.
肯塔基沙门菌(Salmonella Kentucky)是继鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌后又一与人类肠道疾病相关的沙门菌血清型,因其获得和传播耐药性的能力较强而逐渐引起关注。该血清型沙门菌按照多位点序列分型分得的众多亚型中,ST198血清亚型具有易获得耐药突变的基因组岛的特性,21世纪以来不断进化,除获得常见抗菌药物耐药基因外,还相继获得对氟喹诺酮类和碳青霉烯类药物的耐药性并扩散全球,造成临床上难以治疗的病例而引起世界卫生组织的关注。作者整理了肯塔基沙门菌的进化历程,着重阐述肯塔基沙门菌关于氟喹诺酮类及碳青霉烯类药物的耐药情况及耐药机制,以期为中国沙门菌的实验室防控监测系统提供理论依据。 相似文献
110.